岛屿海岸线自动化提取及其时空变迁研究——以大连市獐子岛为例

海岸带是受人类活动和全球海平面上升影响的敏感地带,海岸线的提取和监测是海岸带生态系统研究和社会管理的重要内容。本文在遥感和地理信息系统的支持下,以修正的归一化水体指数(Modified Normalized Difference Water Index,MNDWI)为基础,结合遥感影像处理和直方图均衡化等技术,实现了大连市獐子岛1985—2016年海岸线的自动化提取。结果表明:(1)通过与三位专家目视解译的成果比对,本文提取海岸线的精度能满足后续研究的要求(相对误差分别为0.045%,0.032%和0.023%);(2)近30年来,獐子岛海岸线总体呈现蚀退趋势,岸线长度与岛屿面积分别呈现变短和变小的趋势,獐子岛(主岛)和大耗岛的岸线蚀退速率最大,褡裢岛次之,小耗岛最小;在人类活动较为密集的区域,海岸线呈现出较为强烈的增长趋势,海水养殖和圈海建坝是岸线增长的主要驱动力;(3)獐子岛海岸线具有显著的分形性质,分形维数随时间呈现增大的趋势,獐子岛(主岛)的分形维数最大,褡裢岛的分形维数最小。     

基于圆柱多段拟合的隧道中轴线提取方法研究

提出基于圆柱多段拟合的隧道中轴线提取方法。首先对隧道点云数据进行预处理，并将点云按隧道走向分成不同区段；然后对各区段依据轴线与表面点云法线垂直关系，提取精度较低的中轴线；最后对各区段利用圆柱多段拟合，提取精度较高的中轴线。实验表明，隧道中轴线的提取在一定的采样区间具有较高的稳定性，对直线和弯曲的圆形隧道有良好的适用性，算法可靠，精度较高。     

基于直线感知增强的边缘提取算法

根据视觉识别边缘的感知特性,提出了一种基于直线感知增强的弱边缘的边缘提取算法。借鉴视觉的直线感知方式,针对弱边缘整体上呈直线分布的特点将其筛选出来,进行编组、连接和扩展。与Edison边缘提取算子的比较实验证明,本算法在对弱边缘的提取和虚假边缘的抑制上有显著增强。     

圆盘固相萃取富集-气相色谱法测定地表水中有机氯和有机磷农药

采用环境友好的圆盘固相萃取新技术富集水体中有机氯农药和有机磷农药,分别用微池电子捕获检测器(μECD)和火焰光度检测器(FPD)气相色谱法检测,实现了水中有机氯和有机磷农药残留物的测定。结果表明,16种有机氯农药的平均回收率为64.7%~102%,精密度(RSD,n=6)为2.9%~15%;13种有机磷农药的平均回收率为65.9%~104%,精密度(RSD,n=6)为1.7%~17%。方法快速、灵敏、低污染,可用于水体中多种有机氯农药和有机磷农药的残留分析。     

Control strategies for the Clam Wave Energy Device

A promising wave energy device being currently investigated is the ‘clam’. The clam extracts energy by pumping air through a specially designed (Wells) turbine. Although operation of the Wells turbine does not require a rectified air flow, some additional control will be necessary to optimize the phase of the clam motion for good efficiencies. An examination of the equation of motion in the time domain suggests the possibility of phase control by mechanical, power take-off, or pneumatic latching. Latching can be shown to increase the efficiency of the device in the longer wavelengths of the wave spectrum, i.e. those of high incident wave power. Equivalently latching could be used to keep the device efficiency high while reducing its size, possibly resulting in cheaper power extraction.     

海带膳食纤维的提取与功能性试验

采用酶技术和化学处理相结合的方法 ,研究了海带膳食纤维的工艺技术 ,筛选出海带膳食纤维提取和漂白的最佳工艺条件 ,提取出海带膳食纤维产品 ,并进行人体的功能性试验。结果表明 ,海带膳食纤维的产率达 2 7.3% ,颜色为类白色 ,膳食纤维含量达 73.3% ,钙含量 7.5% ,膨胀力为55m L/ g,持水力为 2 650 % ;海带膳食纤维的功能性优于小麦麸皮膳食纤维 ,对便秘患者具有良好的疗效。     

海水中234Th的超低水平液闪谱仪测定

本文提出了利用超低水平液闪谱仪测定海水中234Th的方法.海水经氢氧化铁吸附共沉淀富集后,接着用阴离子交换和TBP/煤油萃取进行Th同位素的分离与纯化.对一系列测定条件进行了详细的研究,提出了测定海水中234Th的适宜程序,即在含有234Th和产额示踪剂230Th的纯化后的5mol/dm3HNO3溶液中加入TBP/煤油进行萃取,然后用0.1mol/dm3HNO3反萃取,后者是先用契伦柯夫计数法测量234Th(通过234mPa),后加入闪烁液Hisafe 3用α/β模式测量α放射体230Th.对于α和β放射体液闪谱仪的计数效率分别为100%和55.7%±2.7%.234Th的化学回收率和总探测效率分别为70%～80%和30%～45%.该法测定海水中的234Th快速、简便和高效.     

Response of the barrier island coastal region of southwestern Nigeria to climate and non-climate forcing

Despite threats emanating from the influence of climate and non-climate forcing on the barrier island coastal region of southwestern Nigeria, the extent of the coastal erosion is poorly understood. We report evidence of coastal erosion and sediment accumulation in the region over a 34-year period (1973–2017), using Landsat imagery at intervals of approximately six years. Landsat image corrections and various water-extraction algorithms were used to systematically delineate coastal erosion and accumulation in the area. The region was subdivided into western and eastern subregions separated by Lagos Harbour. In the west, erosion took place during the periods 1973–1979, 1979–1984, 1990–1999 and 2005–2011, whereas in the east, erosion occurred during 1973–1979, 1990–1999 and 1999–2005. Coastal sediment accumulation occurred in the east during 1979–1984, 1984–1990, 2005–2011 and 2011–2017, whereas gains in the west occurred during 1984–1990, 1999–2005 and 2011–2017. The study revealed substantial net erosion of 1 228.1 ha in the region as a whole, over the full period. Sediment accumulation accompanying the coastal erosion appears to be linked to longshore drift. Erosion between 1973 and 2011 was probably attributable to climate change (storms and tidal conditions), longshore drift, the inflow and outflow of water at Lagos Harbour, coastal morphology and, possibly, human impacts. However, the coastal changes between 2011 and 2017 were more obviously associated with human activities, such as development of the Eko Atlantic construction project. Coastal surveillance, together with the use of environmentally sensitive protective measures, could possibly help to reduce coastal erosion in the region. Careful coastal management practices, including artificial nourishing and the installation of resilient structures (e.g. seawalls), should be undertaken to protect human settlements that are already at risk from sea-level rise.     

基于子波分析的悬浮物散射信号特征提取实验研究

概述了应用子波分析对悬浮物测量中的声散射信号进行特征提取的方法 ,并对声散射信号识别的研究进行了探讨。对实测数据的实验取得了较好的结果     

顺序提取法探讨沉积物中主量元素在不同相态的分配特征

在Tessier以及欧共体标准局BCR等前人顺序提取方法的基础上，采用一套改进的顺序提取法对海洋沉积物以及一些水系沉积物标准物质的主量元素进行逐步提取。利用ICP—AES、ICP—MS方法分析了各提取液中Ti、A1、Na、Mg、K、Ca、P、Fe、Mn的含量以及它们在不同相态的分配特征，同时，进一步探讨了酸去除沉积物中非陆源组分的效果，结果显示，最后经盐酸淋滤后的样品，沉积物中的生物、自生组分已经被溶解，而残留下来的剩余物质基本上可代表海洋沉积物的陆源碎屑组分。